...
If a producer does not produce at least one block in a 24 hour time period, they are he is removed until they notify he notifies the blockchain of their his intention to begin creating blocks again. This ensures the network is operating smoothly by minimizing the number of blocks missed by not scheduling unreliable producers.
Block producers have the power to select which transactions are included in which blocks, giving them the ability to freeze the accounts with hostile smart contractcontracts. The process of freezing an account requires a minimum 15/21 vote of active producers. If producers abuse this power they can be voted out and the decision can be reversed.
If there is an ‘unstoppable application’ that is acting in an unpredictable manner, block producers may replace the accounts code without hard forking the entire blockchain. This requires a minimum vote of 15/21 by active block producers and is subject to reversal if the block producers are voted out.
...
Should there be a fork, no producer should be producing blocks on two forks different chains at the same time.
EOS Byzantine Fault Tolerance
EOS added a feature to the typical DPoS model to meet the Byzantne Byzantine Fault Tolerance. Unlike traditional DPoS models, producers on EOS sign all blocks. Once 15 producers have signed a block, the block is deemed irreversible. Irreversible consensus is reached in 1 second.
...
Current block producers can be found, in real time, at the following link: https://eosnetworkmonitor.io/
Constitution
The constitution defines obligations among the users that are not present in the code and facilitates dispute resolution by establishing jurisdiction along with other mutually accepted rules. It defines the human-readable intent of the source code protocol.
Every transaction broadcasted on the network includes the hash of the constitution, ; by being part of the signature it thereby explicitly binds the signer to the contract.
...
- A block producer proposes a change to the constitution and receives at least 15/21 votes.
- Block producers must maintain a minimum 15/21 approval of the new constitution for 30 consecutive days.
- All users are required to indicate acceptance of the new constitution as a condition of future transactions.
- Block produces adopt the changes in code to reflect the change in the constitution and propose it to the blockchain using the hash of the new constitution.
- Block producers must maintain at least 15/21 approval of the new code for 30 consecutive days.
- Changes to the code take effect 7 days later, giving all non-producing nodes one week to update after ratification of the new code.
- All nodes that do not upgrade to the new code shut down automatically.
The process of updating the blockchain to new features takes 2 to 3 month. Non-critical bugs and changes that do not affect protocol take 1 to 2 months to update.
Emergency Cases
If a software change is required to fix a harmful bug or security issue that is actively harming users, then block producers may accelerate the process.
EOS Core Arbitration Forum (ECAF)
The EOS Core Arbitration Forum is a mode of dispute resolution relating to the EOS blockchain and its community.
...
- Classical disputes when an asset holder claims damage and demands remedies;.
- Requests for emergency intervention for bug issues or account freezes;.
- Requests from interested parties to data on or related to the EOS blockchain;.
- Requests including legal processes from foreign courts.
The Forum is managed by active arbitrators. It may appoint experts, case managers, translators, etc.
Emergency Cases
If a software change is required to fix a harmful bug or security issue that is actively harming users, then block producers may accelerate the process.
Issues with the Constitution & Vote Buying
...
Just a few days later, ECAF announced that it wanted to freeze an additional 27 accounts presenting fraudulent behavior. ECAF did not present a reason for their decision and promised that a full report would be released later. An ECAF order later surfaced, but turned out to be fake, leaving Block Producers wondering which reports were true and which were false.
Block Producer ‘EOS New York’ announced that until they could determine official rulings from scams, all block producers Block Producers will stop complying with ECAF. The lack of an official channel for all off-chain communication led to distrust in the decisions being made.
By the end of 2018, EOS faced another governance scandal when a twitter account named ‘Maple Leaf Capital’ produced leaked screenshots of an excel sheet showing the China-based exchange, Huobi, accepting money for its support of certain entities in charge of decision-making.
...
- If there is a dispute on intent of code, the intent is voted on by a super majority (2/3 +1) of the producers or an arbiter that is mutually agreed upon by the parties to the dispute. A super majority of producers may, at their own discretion, freeze a contract during an active dispute until the code is fixed and the contract is made available. The producers may charge a fee, or put restraints on the parties to the dispute. Ricardian contractual terms that cannot be enforces enforced by properly functioning code are beyond the scope of the producers authority to evaluate and enforce.
- Block producers shall not freeze or modify contracts that are operating as intended.
- Contract developers are not liable for damages cause by unintentional bugs in the code. All parties are responsible for auditing the code and the Ricardian contract before use.
- All service providers who produce tools to helps others produce or construct transactions shall present the full Ricardian Contract terms of this constitution and other referenced contacts.
- No party shall have fiduciary responsibility to support the value of the EOS token. The blockchain has no owners or managers.
- A Ricardian Contract is deemed accepted when a transaction based on that contract is incorporated into the blockchain.
- Parties voluntarily consent to all other groups to permanently retain, copy, analyze, and distribute all broadcast transactions and derive information.
- Use of the blockchain shall constitute consent to its terms.
- This constitution may be amended by a vote of the EOS token holders that attracts no less than 15% staked vote participation among tokens no fewer than 10% more Yes votes than No votes, sustained for 30 continuous days with a 120 day period.
On April 12, 2019, a multi-signature proposal by 'EOS New York' to replace the current constitution with this User Agreement was approved. This constitution effectively removed the ECAF.
The Telos Fork
Telos claims to not be a hard fork of EOS, but rather a code fork of the EOS, creating an entirely new blockchain using an improved version of the EOSIO software. It aims to solve some of the largest issues present in the EOS network.
...
- Economic decentralization: no whale addresses;
- Equitable pay structures for block producers and standbys;
- dApp DApp developer-friendly with proprietary dApps and lower cost development; and
- Additional token holder protection and pre-activation resolution of stolen token